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| The Path of Mitochondrial DNA Through Four Generations (above) | |
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Male sharing Y chromosome from common ancestor
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Male with Y chromosome from outside the patrilineal line |
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Females--have NO Y chromosome |
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The Path of Y Chromosome DNA Through Four Generations (above) Barring a rare mutation, boxes filled with dark red would be expected to have identical values for all Y chromosome markers. Studies of nearly 5000 father son pairs showed only 14 mutations between the two generations with only one of those being a two step repeat and 13 being an increase of only one repeat of one marker. Kayser, Manfred, Lutz Roewer, Minttu Hedman, Lotte Henke, Jurgen Henke,
Silke Brauer, Carmen Kruger, Michael Krawczak, Marion Nagy, Tadeusz
Dobosz, Reinhard Szibor, Peter de Knijff, Mark Stoneking, and Antti
Sajantila, Characteristics and frequency of germline mutations at
microsatellite ;oci from the human Y chromosome, as revealed by direct
observation in father/son pairs. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66: 1580-1588,
2000 |
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Males sharing
matrilineal line mitochondrial DNA
Females sharing
matrilineal line mitochondrial DNA
Males NOT sharing matrilineal line mitochondrial DNA
Females not sharing matrilineal line mitochondrial DNA